Trepanation
Trepanation (also known as trepanning, trephination, or trephining) is a form of surgery in which a hole is drilled or scraped into the skull, leaving the membrane around the brain intact. It addresses health problems that relate to abnormal intracranial pressure.
However, there are dubious advocates who suggest trepanation even for healthy people, claiming that after an operation capillaries in the brain should operate on a higher metabolism resulting in a higher state of consciousness. Some claim spiritual benefits.
Trepanation has been carried out for both medical reasons and mystical practices for a long time: Evidence of trepanation has been found in pre-historic human remains from Neolithic times onwards, per cave paintings indicating that people believed the practice would cure epileptic seizures and mental disorders. Furthermore, Hippocrates gave specific directions on the procedure from its evolution through the Greek age.
Trepanation is generally not practiced by doctors without a medical indication. Illegal in the United States and Europe due to the risk of blood clots, brain injuries and infections, trepanation procedures can lead to meningitis or death.
See also
· Migraine
· Trephinning in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica
The International Trepanation Advocacy Group - http://www.trepan.com/ Information on trepanation, the art of drilling holes into people's skulls.
Medical and Alternative Trepanation - http://www.geocities.com/trepanationz/ Backgroung information on trepanation and the risks associated with it.
Skeptic's Dictionary - Trepanation - http://skepdic.com/trepanation.html Overview focusing on the work of Bart Huges.
Trepanation Guide - http://www.trepanationguide.com/ An indepth source of information on medical and historical aspects of this ancient surgical procedure. Includes references and citations as well and advanced reading suggestions.
Trepanation Diary - http://www.bmezine.com/news/people/A10101/trepan/ The experience of a person who had a hole drilled through his skull. Includes photos of the procedure.
The People With Holes In Their Heads - http://www.ee0r.com/trepan.html Article on trepanation from Eccentric Lives and Peculiar Notions by John Michell.
The Hole to Luck - http://www.free.de/homes/joern/luck_hole.html An interview with self-trepanner Dr. Bart Huges as questioned by Joe Mellen. The Transatlantic Review No. 23, Winter 1966-1967.
Therapeutic Benefits of Trepanation - http://www.socrepsoc.com/trep.html Scientific article by Daniel Witt of Temple University.
Salon - The Hole Story - http://www.salon.com/health/feature/1999/04/29/trepanation/print.html Article by Jon Bowen discussing this procedure citing the pros and cons.
Neolithic Surgery - http://www.he.net/~archaeol/9709/newsbriefs/trepanation.html A newsbrief from Archaeology Magazine describing a 7,000-year-old burial in France that has yielded the earliest unequivocal evidence for trepanation.
Astrology Tomorrow Today - Trepanation - http://meinah.tripod.com/MI/trepanation.html A personal interpretation of this procedure by Mei Nah Khoo. From Metaphysical Insights archives.
However, there are dubious advocates who suggest trepanation even for healthy people, claiming that after an operation capillaries in the brain should operate on a higher metabolism resulting in a higher state of consciousness. Some claim spiritual benefits.
Trepanation has been carried out for both medical reasons and mystical practices for a long time: Evidence of trepanation has been found in pre-historic human remains from Neolithic times onwards, per cave paintings indicating that people believed the practice would cure epileptic seizures and mental disorders. Furthermore, Hippocrates gave specific directions on the procedure from its evolution through the Greek age.
Trepanation is generally not practiced by doctors without a medical indication. Illegal in the United States and Europe due to the risk of blood clots, brain injuries and infections, trepanation procedures can lead to meningitis or death.
See also
· Migraine
· Trephinning in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica
The International Trepanation Advocacy Group - http://www.trepan.com/ Information on trepanation, the art of drilling holes into people's skulls.
Medical and Alternative Trepanation - http://www.geocities.com/trepanationz/ Backgroung information on trepanation and the risks associated with it.
Skeptic's Dictionary - Trepanation - http://skepdic.com/trepanation.html Overview focusing on the work of Bart Huges.
Trepanation Guide - http://www.trepanationguide.com/ An indepth source of information on medical and historical aspects of this ancient surgical procedure. Includes references and citations as well and advanced reading suggestions.
Trepanation Diary - http://www.bmezine.com/news/people/A10101/trepan/ The experience of a person who had a hole drilled through his skull. Includes photos of the procedure.
The People With Holes In Their Heads - http://www.ee0r.com/trepan.html Article on trepanation from Eccentric Lives and Peculiar Notions by John Michell.
The Hole to Luck - http://www.free.de/homes/joern/luck_hole.html An interview with self-trepanner Dr. Bart Huges as questioned by Joe Mellen. The Transatlantic Review No. 23, Winter 1966-1967.
Therapeutic Benefits of Trepanation - http://www.socrepsoc.com/trep.html Scientific article by Daniel Witt of Temple University.
Salon - The Hole Story - http://www.salon.com/health/feature/1999/04/29/trepanation/print.html Article by Jon Bowen discussing this procedure citing the pros and cons.
Neolithic Surgery - http://www.he.net/~archaeol/9709/newsbriefs/trepanation.html A newsbrief from Archaeology Magazine describing a 7,000-year-old burial in France that has yielded the earliest unequivocal evidence for trepanation.
Astrology Tomorrow Today - Trepanation - http://meinah.tripod.com/MI/trepanation.html A personal interpretation of this procedure by Mei Nah Khoo. From Metaphysical Insights archives.
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